The audience first encounters the character of Lady Macbeth in act 1 Essay Example For Students

The audience first encounters the character of Lady Macbeth in act 1 Essay The audience first encounters the character of Lady Macbeth in act1, scene 5, while she is reading the letter sent to her by her husband, in the letter Macbeth describes the meeting with of the three witches, and them predicting the fact that he is going to be Thane of Cawdor, we can tell from the letter the closeness of relationship, Lady Macbeth and her husband have as he addresses Lady Macbeth as; my dearest partner of greatness, that thou mightest not lose the dues of rejoicing. From then on in the play, she shows herself to be ambitious, and mentally strong. As soon as she reads the letter, she seems to decide that Macbeth will be the next Scottish King, and fulfil the witches prophecy, no matter the method. This proves that Lady Macbeth is the driving force behind Duncans murder. She realises that she must influence Macbeth against his better nature. It seems as though Lady Macbeth, can see her husbands weak points, and can change him, to be whatever she wants him to be. We will write a custom essay on The audience first encounters the character of Lady Macbeth in act 1 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Lady Macbeth makes an impression on Macbeth that is not all good, because even though Macbeth can be ambitious, he is not ruthless enough. We can tell how determined Lady Macbeth is, by the way in which she says; And chastise with the valour of my tongue All that impedes thee from the golden round It is as though she is going to persuade Macbeth with her words, and uses her words as a charm. She is startled by this news, and so calls on the evil spirits to change her and lose her femininity. Come you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, She is calling on the spirits, to give her murderous thoughts, and make herself have no sympathy for humanity at all, and make her have no human feelings, and wants to lose her femininity. Lady Macbeth is trying to rid her conscience, and empty her mind of remorse and pleads to be filled with direst cruelty. She needs to have power to help her through this time, it seems as though she probably would not be able to cope with the fact that she is trying to get her husband to commit a murder. When calling on the spirits she speaks her thoughts aloud, to the audience, this is known as a soliloquy, an example of this is at the start of her speech, beckoning the evil spirits to come forth she says; That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan Under my battlements Macbeth, then arrives home, when he does so, we find out how close Lady Macbeth and Macbeth actually are, she seems to be able to read him like an open book. She is already starting to try and change Macbeth by the way that she says; To beguile the time, Look like the time; bear welcome in your eye, Your hand, your tongue; look like the innocent Flower, but be the serpent undert Lady Macbeth, is trying to make her husband hide her feelings, she thinks that people can read him like a book, if they can do that, then it is likely that they will find out if Macbeth has killed Duncan, and she does not want that to happen. This also shows how in control Lady Macbeth You shall put this nights great business into my dispatch, Macbeth seems to have absolute confidence in her ability to plan the murder. Her awareness of his character is shown, in this paragraph. It also shows how deceiving and devious she can be. She is going to take control of the whole situation, and make sure that Macbeth carries out his deeds, but Macbeth seems undecided, he seems to hesitate, at the thought of killing the king he sharply explains We will speak further. But Lady Macbeth does not hesitated at all, she seem to be anxious to be the Queen, and states how To alter favour ever is to fear, Leave the rest to me, Even though the male usually takes the stronger approach to everything, in this relationship we can tell that Lady Macbeth is definitely the dominating person, and tells Macbeth exactly what to do, when he hesitates she tells him that he is weaker if he doesnt proceed with her plans. When King Duncan arrives at Macbeths home, Lady Macbeth has already thought up a plan, to get rid of him. Duncan seems to feel very at home in the Macbeth household at says This castle hath a pleasant seat; the air Nimbly and sweetly recommends itself Unto our gentle senses. Which is quite ironic, because he is just about to get killed in a home, in which he feels so comfortable in. Another ironic part to this play, is when Banquo implies how The temple-haunting martlet, does approve, By his lovd mansionary, that the heavens breath Smells wooingly here. Shakespeare shows us here how ironic this play actually is, and also brings imagery into play. Lady Macbeth treats Duncan as if she is the perfect hostess, and hides all of her feelings, much better than Macbeth; King Duncan brings into play the dramatic irony, throughout the play, when he calls Lady Macbeth Our honourd hostess. Which shows how good, an actress Lady Macbeth can be, if she can cover up the fact that she is going to kill King Duncan, then she is surely able to cover up the fact that she has killed him, later on in the play. It is also quite ironic because she could be doing exactly as she had said in this scene; Look like th innocent flower, but be the sepent undert. Soon Macbeth starts to feel the guilt that Lady Macbeth has rid of, from herself. We know this, because Macbeth feels that he cannot go through with the murder and says: We will proceed no further in this business, he seems to be overwhelmed with the fact that he was going to kill the king, and afraid of the consequences. Lady Macbeth who is very sly urges him to continue with the murder. .u27601f803c0be1a98db7a07f3a30f1d4 , .u27601f803c0be1a98db7a07f3a30f1d4 .postImageUrl , .u27601f803c0be1a98db7a07f3a30f1d4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u27601f803c0be1a98db7a07f3a30f1d4 , .u27601f803c0be1a98db7a07f3a30f1d4:hover , .u27601f803c0be1a98db7a07f3a30f1d4:visited , .u27601f803c0be1a98db7a07f3a30f1d4:active { border:0!important; } .u27601f803c0be1a98db7a07f3a30f1d4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u27601f803c0be1a98db7a07f3a30f1d4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u27601f803c0be1a98db7a07f3a30f1d4:active , .u27601f803c0be1a98db7a07f3a30f1d4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u27601f803c0be1a98db7a07f3a30f1d4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u27601f803c0be1a98db7a07f3a30f1d4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u27601f803c0be1a98db7a07f3a30f1d4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u27601f803c0be1a98db7a07f3a30f1d4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u27601f803c0be1a98db7a07f3a30f1d4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u27601f803c0be1a98db7a07f3a30f1d4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u27601f803c0be1a98db7a07f3a30f1d4 .u27601f803c0be1a98db7a07f3a30f1d4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u27601f803c0be1a98db7a07f3a30f1d4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Macbeth Character Analysis EssayThe words that Lady Macbeth gives him are very persuasive. She accuses him of being a coward and makes him think he does not love her; Wouldst thou have that which thou esteemst the ornament of life, And live like a coward in thine own esteem Lady Macbeth knew her husband very well. She understood his strengths and weaknesses, better than her did, and this is why she realises she will need to persuade him to kill Duncan. You can see how Lady Macbeth exploits his weaknesses, with phrases such as; Art thou a feared To be the same in thine own act and valour As thou art in desire? Her verbal attack, seems to disturb Macbeth, who then defends himself I dare do all that may become a man, he is afraid that she is doubting his manhood, and tries to explain to Lady Macbeth, that he is still a man whether he kills king Duncan or not, she then uses this to her advantage, launching a second attack stating that nothing would make her break a pledge to him, she tries to appeal to his sensitive and sympathetic side, even the performance of a repulsive deed-killing of killing her infant. We know this because in Act 1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"scene 7, line 54 Lady Macbeth explains how: I have given suck, and know How tender tis to love the babe that milks me Lady Macbeth soon gets the reply, which she had been waiting for, which was If we should fail-, this gives us the impression, that Lady Macbeth has one her title, she has won her persuasive battle, and replies to Macbeth We fail, which shows us the confidence in this scheme, she is portraying the fact that it is going to be inevitable that they are to succeed. Again we find out how much of an actress Lady Macbeth is, by the way that she says that she is going to cover up the fact that they have murdered Duncan, by acting broken hearted, she states how: Who dares receive it other, As we shall make our griefs and clamour roar Upon his death As Macbeth wavers, she quickly reveals her plan. Filled with admiration for her spirit he replies Bring forth men children only. Her only sign of pity is her confession that she would have killed Duncan had he not, as he slept, resembled her father. This is the first sign of weakness that we see when she suggests how Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had donet In act2, scene 2-Lady Macbeth has prepared for the murder and waits for Macbeth. In the beginning of Scene2, she has different moods. That which hath made them drunk hath made me bold She sounds bold and courageous when she says that. The next line she says is What hath quench them hath given me fire, Hark! Peace, a noise form outside startles her. She realises it is a bird shrieking. We then see Lady Macbeths first sign of nerves, as she realises what her consequences could lead to, when Macbeth hears noises, everything seems to be exaggerated, the sound of owls, and crickets seems to distract them, as they feel paranoid that they are being watched and are going to be found out. It was the owl that shrieked, the fatal bellman, which gives the sternst good night she says as she is relieved. Immediately after the murder, Lady Macbeth seems to feel no immediate guilt after the death, no remorse, just satisfaction that her husband is going to become king-that is, if she can keep him from making everyone suspect them. Whilst Macbeth is filled with guilt and horror at his actions, she shows her fortitude and her reason in calming him down, she utters these ironic words: These deeds must not be thought of After these ways, so it will make us mad Even after the horror of the deed, which shakes Macbeths soul, it is her strength, which brings him to his senses. There is then, a second reference to madness coming from Lady Macbeth saying You do unbend your noble strength to think so brainsickly of things This is quite an ironic situation. Later she sees that Macbeth has brought back the daggers. Lady Macbeth takes the daggers and puts them back in Duncans room. She says Infirm of purpose, give me the daggers. She seems to have no fear of the situation but there seems to be some sort of nervousness in her. Macbeths wife returns with blood stains all over hands. She points out that they both have bloodstained hands by saying, My hands are of your colour, but I shame, to wear a heart so white. She makes Macbeth feel that they are both equally to blame for the murder of Duncan. Lady Macbeth is trying to straighten out Macbeth, although he is still quite fearful. She tries to make Macbeth feel reassured and that Macbeth can justify to what he has just done. Lady Macbeth, once again brings irony into play, when she says; A little water, clears us of this deed, its as though she is saying that she believes that if she washes the blood away, then the guilt will wash away along with the memories, and she thinks that she can wash away all of her problems. This is the last that we see of Lady Macbeth until act2-scene3. In this scene Macduff is appalled by Duncans death, Lady Macbeth is told of Duncans death, but says What, in our house? She seems puzzled but not at all shocked. After a while, Macbeth has killed the guards assumed of killing the king. Macbeth, then starts to tell of his feelings for what has happened, to the others. Macbeth seems to be over compensating for the fact that he has nothing to do with this, so he acts as though he feels sympathetic towards King Duncan. He says who could refrain, That had a heart to love, and in that heart Courage to makes love known Lady Macbeth has now fainted, and is taken for treatment. .ue23817183901e5772e2597d1b8a0f83b , .ue23817183901e5772e2597d1b8a0f83b .postImageUrl , .ue23817183901e5772e2597d1b8a0f83b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue23817183901e5772e2597d1b8a0f83b , .ue23817183901e5772e2597d1b8a0f83b:hover , .ue23817183901e5772e2597d1b8a0f83b:visited , .ue23817183901e5772e2597d1b8a0f83b:active { border:0!important; } .ue23817183901e5772e2597d1b8a0f83b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue23817183901e5772e2597d1b8a0f83b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue23817183901e5772e2597d1b8a0f83b:active , .ue23817183901e5772e2597d1b8a0f83b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue23817183901e5772e2597d1b8a0f83b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue23817183901e5772e2597d1b8a0f83b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue23817183901e5772e2597d1b8a0f83b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue23817183901e5772e2597d1b8a0f83b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue23817183901e5772e2597d1b8a0f83b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue23817183901e5772e2597d1b8a0f83b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue23817183901e5772e2597d1b8a0f83b .ue23817183901e5772e2597d1b8a0f83b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue23817183901e5772e2597d1b8a0f83b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romeo and Juliet Who Is Responsible For Their Deaths? EssayShe fainted to distract the attention away from Macbeth, so that people are more likely to notice her, rather than Macbeth, and also this shows how much of a good actress she is. Then in Act 3, scene 2- Lady Macbeth deals with Macbeths mood of depression. Macbeth believes that they have only Scorched the snake, Not killed it . He cannot stop thinking about the murder, but Lady Macbeth urges him, to put his past behind him, she does not know that Macbeth has a plot to kill banquo. This shows us how their relationship is deteriorating, they started off in the beginning where, they would tell each other everything and the relationship was loving and caring. But now Macbeth is keeping secrets from Lady Macbeth, it is as though they no longer have trust in one another. This is where we first start to see their relationship start to crumble. Banquo has now been murdered, because Macbeth suspects him of foul play, and they are having a formal banquet, Lady Macbeth and her husband are both concerned about making this banquet as impressive as possible. During the banquet, Macbeth is told of the death of Banquo. This banquet is plays an important part in the novel, it shows us that it is important for people to know their place, so that disorder can be avoided, but the chaos that follows is symbolic of the disorder of Macbeths rein. Macbeth is now fearing what is going to happen if anyone finds out about the death of Banquo, he seems to be in shock, and without Lady Macbeth he cannot seem to think straight, or stop himself from worrying about matters, which shows how much of an impact Lady Macbeth had on him, and how she supported him so much. Macbeth also hears of Fleances escape, and is more paranoid, Macbeth turns his attention to the banquet. Lady Macbeth tells her husband My royal lord, you do not give the cheer. She is telling Macbeth to please his people as a good host should. While Macbeth is talking, he sees Banquos ghost in his seat. His reaction startles his guests so; Lady Macbeth once again makes excuses for her husband. Sit, worthy friends, my lord is often thus, and hath been from his youth are words that Lady Macbeth explains Macbeths actions. The ghost reappears again and Macbeths outburst causes his guests to wonder. Lady Macbeth then urges the guests to leave. She fears Macbeth will say too much. Lady Macbeth then tells everyone A kind good night to all. After the banquet, Lady Macbeth is very quiet, she seems tired, and drained, Macbeth says to his wife I am in blood Steppd in so far, that, should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go oer. Macbeth is admitting that he has had Banquo killed, and he has killed Duncan, and he is saying that there is no turning back. This is the last time that we see Lady Macbeth in control of herself or of events, she seems worn out, and instead of chastising Macbeth, she only comments that he lacks sleep, she says You lack the season of all natures, sleep. This scene is like a turning point in the play, it is the last time we also see that Macbeths conscience is troubling him. We havent seen Lady Macbeth since Act3 and it is now act5, and her mask is revealed, when she sleep walks, she reveals her anxiety and guilt. She reveals her hidden secrets to the gentlewoman, and she then called a doctor to find out why she was having these extraordinary sleep walking dreams. Lady Macbeth speaks, of references concerning Duncan. Lady Macbeth re-inacts the murder scene, shes still loyal to Macbeth, and only in the banquet did she tell him off. She refers to her hand and says Out damned spot, out I say! . She seems haunted by the guilt. The doctor tells the gentlewoman that she needs divine help, rather than a doctor, and to keep a close eye, on Lady Macbeth. Her madness increases, her guilt becoming overpowering. The words, what, will these hands neer be clean? expresses this dreadful guilt. Her ramblings makes the doctor aware of what has happened she says I tell you again, Banquos buried, he cannot come out ons grave When she commits suicide Macbeth hears her cry and states I have almost forgot the taste of fear the time has been, my senses would have coold To hear a night-shriek! This shows us how the roles of Lady Macbeth and her husband have reversed, Macbeth is no longer guilty, where as he was in the first place and Lady Macbeth was the strong one, that supported the relationship, and told Macbeth what to do, but the guilt soon caught up with her and drove her to insanity. Where as it had been Macbeth that had nearly been driven to insanity earlier on in the play, during the time when the death of Banquo occurred. Macbeth, fought through the hard parts of the guilt that were over powering. Throughout the play Lady Macbeth shows a front to all people, she is acting it is all just to cover up the fact of how decieveing and insecure she is. For example when she was playing the Honourd hostess, she was deceiving the public, in order to be deceiving, and also when they had the banquet, Lady Macbeth made a cover for Macbeth, just so that nothing would happen to her lifestyle as being Queen. In the end we are shown that Macbeth is really the stronger person, mentally and physically.

Ancient Greece Health and Medicine Essay Example

Ancient Greece Health and Medicine Essay Example Ancient Greece Health and Medicine Essay Ancient Greece Health and Medicine Essay Essay Topic: Love Medicine Medicine all began in Ancient Greece by one man named Hippocrates (ca. 460-377 B. C. E); he is known as the father of medicine. It all began with the Greeks trying to come up with a logic system that would help them diagnose certain diseases. The logical system was based upon the fact that we had humors, and each person had four humours that were substances inside our bodies. The four substances were: blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm (pronounced mucus, meaning boogers). They believed that if your four substances were balanced then you would remain a healthy person, but if one of your substances became unequal then you would become ill. If you became ill then the doctors believed that you had too much of one substances and that’s what was making you ill, therefore, they would go about trying to remove whatever extra substance you had. Hippocrates also made humours correspond with the seasons: the first season that of blood and air corresponded to spring; the summer was fire, bile and liver; autumn was earth, black bile and spleen, while winter was the season of water, of phlegm (mucus) and of the brain† (history of medicine). As for diseases many of them that surfaced in Ancient Greek many years ago are still here today and actually go by the same name in some cases. Also some of the treatments are in the same idea as we have today, but today we have a lot better technology and understanding of what is going on. Firstly, the Greeks had cholesterol; cholesterol is a combination of two Greek words; â€Å"chole† meaning bile, and â€Å"steros† means solid. Cholesterol was first found as small stones inside of the gallbladder, and their cure was flaxseeds which show effectiveness is lowering high cholesterol. Secondly, the Greeks had diabetes. Diabetes comes from the Greek prefix ‘dia’ meaning apart and the word ‘bainein’ which means to stand, the word together meant a compass or a siphon. The word siphon was a reference to the excessive urination from a person with diabetes. The Greeks with diabetes followed a very healthy diet and lifestyle, but diabetes was a very rare condition back then. Another major disease in ancient Greece was the Plague; Greece had a massive outbreak in the summer of 430. This outbreak left the doctors, patients, and people of the era with a lot of damage and heartache; they would never forget this disease. They really did not have a cure everyone was acceptable to this disease, but knowledge from previous outbreaks and information about the symptoms which helped them understand this outrageous disease. Other iseases that affected the Greeks were acne, migraines, allergies, anemia, leprosy, cholera, and gonorrhea. As for the people who actually treated the ill it was up to the, â€Å"Cult of Asclepius grew in popularity and was a major provider of medical care. This cult developed old theories and introduced several treatments not too dissimilar from modern alternative medicines† (Ancient Greek Medicine). The Ancient Gree ks loved sports therefore most of the cities in Greece had public gymnasiums where citizens could gather to train, exercise, relax, and socialize. Greeks were a firm believer that a healthy body was very important. Men and boys would practices sports daily not only because they enjoyed the sport but because they wanted to stay fit and in shape. Although sport wasn’t only good for getting fit and staying in shape, the Greeks would use it to prepare for war too; regular exercise was important in a society where men were always needed for military service. Armies had to be fit, they had to march long distances, carry all the heavy equipment, and begin the fight with the enemy. Along with all that, the â€Å"athletics was a huge part of their education, many believed that developing the body was equally important as improving the mind for overall health† (M. Barrow). The youth would work out in the wrestling-school, palastra. The palaestra was a popular place for the Greek men of all ages to socialize. The wrestling school was for the serious competitors in the Olympics, and for the ones that were not serious. Men would work out with an athletic trainer who would use a long stick to point out errors in certain positions and other mistakes. The â€Å"trainers would pay close attention to balancing the types of physical exercise and the athletes diet† (M. Barrow). Work cited: Ancient Greek Mythology Diseases, Health, Illness, Infections, Conditions. (n. d. ). Home Remedies and Natural Cures for Common Illnesses. Retrieved October 26, 2011, from home-remedies-for-you. com/facts/greek-medicines. html Ancient Greek medicine. (n. d. ). Schoolshistory. org. uk online lessons GCSE study aids – Teachers resources. Retrieved October 26, 2011, from schoolshistory. org. uk/ancientgreece. htm Barrow, M. (n. d. ). Sports and the Ancient Greece Olympics . Woodlands Junior School, Tonbridge, Kent UK. Retrieved October 26, 2011, from woodlands- junior. kent. sch. uk/Homework/greece/sports. htm History of Medicine. (n. d. ). Benvenuto in pacs. unica. it Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia dellUniversita di Cagliari. Retrieved October 26, 2011, from http://pacs. unica. it/biblio/lesson1. htm

Microsoft Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

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International Accounting - Case Study Example Therefore, the disposal of the building in 2013 generated a loss of (fair market value – net realizable value of the building) = ($ 2,370,000 – $ 2,100,000) = $ 270,000. This figure is recorded in the cash flow statement under the investment section. Therefore, the loss on disposal of the building does not influence either income or stockholder’s equity of the Yazd Corporation under both the US GAAP and IFRS (Santoro & Munter 2013, p. 35). Concerning the intangible assets, the regulations provided under both the IFRS and the US GAAP are direct regarding the initial measurement. The provisions require a different approach towards the initial measurement of intangible assets acquired either separately or as part of a business combination. Yazd Corporation acquired its intangible assets as part of a business combination. The intangible asset has an indefinite life thus, according to the provisions by the IFRS, should not be amortized but be subjected to impairment tests. The expected future cash flow from the continued use of the intangible assets will not affect the company’s income as at December 2013 since the anticipated cash flows are for periods after December 2013. In addition, under both the IFRS and US GAAP, the treatment of cash flows from the intangible assets is similar. Therefore, this item does not influence both the income and stakeholder’s equity when the company shifts from US GAAP to IFRS system (Santoro & Munter 2013, p. 37-38). Yazd Corporation incurred a research and development cost of $ 200,000 as at December 2013. Under the US GAAP, all the costs related to research and development that a company incurs is treated as expenditure. Whereas, under the accounting regulations set by the IFRS, only the costs related to internal research activities of a company are treated as expenditure when incurred. The costs related to product development activities are capitalized if some criteria, set by the organization, are met. As a

English Legal System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

English Legal System - Essay Example back which I feel endorses my question answering skills which involves a clear breakdown of the question into all possible components, researching each component separately, and developing a comprehensive answer to the question. From the feedback, it is clear that I have good ability to dissect a question in such a manner that all components of the questions are set out. Secondly, the feedback endorses my research skills in regards to the components of the questions dissected above and my ability to answer each component satisfactorily. Moreover, it endorses my brevity, which inculcates ability to communicate clearly using minimum words possible. Besides that, I learn that my question answering technique and structure meets the legal writing skills expected of me, whereby I bring out the issues clearly, discuss the rules applicable, analyse the application of the rules on the issues raised and ability to make a valid conclusion which is supported by the case laws and authorities generally. Finally, I learn that I have mastered the art of referencing using the OSCOLA format. Referencing forms a key part of academic writing. I believe that I can replicate my academic writing skills into legal writing and drafting. I am conscious that I still need to keep learning to better my skills. However, key developmental issues emerge from the feedback. I need to learn to read through judgements in order to understand why judges ruled the way they did. I understand that rules that emerge from case laws are supported by a particular line of reasoning by the respective judge. Further, I understand that it is important to understand the reasoning of judges as it shows why judges ruled the way they did. To add, it is clear to me that I have to widen the scope of my research and cease relying on only one book. I understand this to mean that I have to answer the question with appreciation of the fact that several viewpoints on a certain issues may exist. Authors may approach an

A Study And Report On Social Work

A Study And Report On Social Work Social work has always been considered as a difficult and complex occupation, with a complicated and perplexing framework. This is due to its different settings accompanying different tasks. An inevitable part of social work is its values and ethics and the questions and debates that surround its structure. Although values can be considered as personal and individualistic, it is also possible for a group with the same beliefs to share the same values, such as social work. It is important to acknowledge that values continually shape our actions and it is of the opinion of Ronnby (1992) â€Å"that someone becomes a social worker because they have the same ethics and values and attach them to the position†. Biestek developed traditional values in the late 50s. (Biestek, 1961). His principles outlined the basics of traditional social work and were constructed of a seven-point scheme. The principles consisted of 1. Individualism.2. Purposeful expression of feelings. 3. Controlled emotional involvement. 4. Acceptance. 5. Non-judgmental attitude 6. User self-determination.7. Confidentiality, Many of Biestek beliefs were very traditional and were criticised for their diversity in their interpretation. Controversies relating to different principles caused many problematic conclusions e.g. individualisation and confidentiality. Individualisation could not be possible in the fast moving modern world, people lose their identity and individualisation is not respected. Confidentiality has its limitations to be enforced e.g. If a user divulges information where someone will be harmed, the social workers duty is to share it as a right to other individuals. It was clear these key issues had to be developed and advanced to help social workers. It was considered that there must be guidance on values and ethics for social workers, as they play a major part in their work Central Council for Education and Training in Social Work was a significant part in the development in education for social workers. It is also acknowledge by (CCETSW, 1998) that it is a necessary part as the title suggest, that social workers must gain an understanding of ethical awareness as part of the professional practice. Skill development gave social workers a range of skills that are needed to ensure that social work is a high quality profession. The CCETSW set out details of a number of competencies that they should be able to cover in their work. It is considered that there are two main ideologies within social work, social justice and personal caring. These were considered to be benefit for social workers as they exercised anti-oppressive practice. They produced a list that social workers had to identify with. This stated that a social worker: . Should be committed to: Respect and value of individuals Promote peoples rights to choice privacy protection and confidentiality, while looking at the rights and demands The right of individuals to make choices Strengths and skill embodied local communities Right of protection for those at risk Social workers should be able to do: Develop awareness of inter-relationship of the process of structural oppression, race, class and gender Understand and counter act the impact of discrimination from poverty, age, disability and sectarianism Demonstrate an awareness of individual and institutional racism Understand gender issues and demonstrate anti-sexism in social work practice Promote policies and practices which are non- discriminatory and anti- oppressive Demonstrating these skills in learning, acknowledge that they had competence in practice. The Central Council for Education in Social Work stated that ‘practice must be founded on, informed by and capable of being judged against a clear value base (CCETSW, 1995). This knowledge base was very important, but it did not give ready-made answers as to how social workers should continue in any particular situation. However it gives lots of insight and clues about situations that social workers may face, it also enabled them to have an appropriate response for any particular predicament. Never the less it is still down to the individual social worker to acquire and expand their knowledge base for practising in social work. The range of skills that can develop from learning will be responsible for an established and high quality in the service that are offered to service users. There are professional ethical standards that are relevant to social workers in practice. These allowed social workers to work at a professional standard and to behave professionally. These standards concern ethical responsibilities to clients, colleagues, social work profession and responsibilities to the broader society. Some of the standards are guidelines for professional conduct, such as the code of ethics for social workers. For social work the code of ethics plays a major role in its training, policy making and its professional literature. These guidelines provide a framework for making sense of the practice in social work. The code of ethics for social workers (BASW 1996) was put in place in 1975 to ensure that social workers had a set of guidelines for professional activities. The primary objective of the Code of Ethics is to make these pragmatic principles clear for the protection of clients and other members of society. Its principal objectives are to ensure that the professional social workers were recognised as a non-bias worker. The code covered two main areas, including principles and practice, The statement of principles covers social workers understanding and identifying of the values and dignity for every human being, irrespective of origin, race, status, sex, sexual orientation, age, disability, or religious belief. Social workers are expected to prevent and eliminate exploitation and discrimination against any person, group, or class on the basis of race, ethnicity, national origin, colour, sex, sexual orientation, age, marital status, political belief, religion, or mental or physical disability. Millerson (1964) argued that the code of ethics could become irrelevant, as it was difficult to use, as it could not be dominated by one specific area within social work. Millerson noted that there were many areas of specialist including child protection, community care, mental health and family therapy, that it becomes more difficult use the code as a principal source of moral guidance. Ethical awareness is a necessary part of the professional practice of any social worker. His or her ability to act ethically is an essential aspect of the quality of the service offered to clients. It has been thought that the code of ethics was set in place to allow social work to be recognised as a professional occupation. Social workers were expected to Identify and interpret the basis and nature of individual, group, community and social problems. Illustrating their ability to recognise professional and personal limitations, and refrain from any behaviour that may damage the profession. The uncertainty of day to day practice brings with it many ethical dilemmas, which are a challenge for many social workers. The complexities of ethical dilemmas arise when a social worker has two or more possible undesirable conclusions that go against their own moral principals, these dilemmas cause a battle because they have to make a choice and they dont know which one is right. Professional service shall assist clients to take responsibility for personal actions and help all clients with equal willingness. Social work is a decision making occupation that can lead to many problems, the feeling of guilt and blame for the outcome of many decisions that they have been involved in. This may cause much stress and strain for social workers in having to make major decisions and choices, but also to take responsibility for any outcomes that may go wrong. This essay has described the value base of social work in its development and education, also looking at its effect and consequences. Learning base work can give possible solution as to how social workers should proceed in a situation; it can also give lots of insights into fields that they have no experience in. The codes of ethics standards were explained and considered it has been argued of its effect and purpose, its usefulness and its guidance for the profession of social workers. How we deal with them will always be a challenging and stimulating process for all social workers. There are many instances in professional social work where simple answers are not available to resolve complex ethical issues. A case study has been discussed and analysed, showing anti-oppressive practice. It is shown that power and oppression of all kinds must be regulated and resisted, we must acknowledge that power and oppression is always present in individuals and within society. In conclusion social work can be a challenging subject and one that will actively push the boundaries of all social workers on a personal level and professional level. It is agreed within social work that ethics, morals and values are all an inescapable part of professional practice and ‘Ethical awareness is a necessary part of practice of any social work (IFSW, 1994). Values and ethics are not simply reasonable matters that we can unravel through logical arguments; they are a combination of thoughts and feelings closely linked to action. There must be distinctions on how to apply social work values and ethics into their professional work, without causing personal conflict. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Moreover, the Social work values emphasises that the social workers should â€Å"identifies and question their own values and prejudices, and their implication of practice;†¦ and they should â€Å"Respect and value uniqueness and adversity†¦.and identify (discrimination), analyse and take action to counter discrimination, racism, disadvantage, inequality and injustice using strategies appropriate to role and context† (CCETSW, paper 30 referred in UB. 2002: 6). Therefore, the social work value gave people a direct power to clients by letting them choosing and decide for themselves and social worker are advised to â€Å"promote opportunities for people to use their own strengths to make decisions for themselves (CCETSW, paper 30 cited in UB. 2002: 4). In other words, social work has widened the concept of ‘freedom and ‘toleration by being considerate for all members of the community, which is now-a-days known as ‘anti-discrimination, freedom of choice and ‘equality. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// There are also issues regarding to social workers practice e.g. practicing in ‘traditional way due to personal prejudices, which has oppressed the clients and has stigmatized the social work itself. Thompson (1997: 11) emphasise that the â€Å"†¦social work practice which does not take account of oppression and discrimination can not be seen as ‘good practice†¦.†. The ‘bad practice is portrayed through the media but the good practice is not awarded and neither praised by media. The social work constantly reviews the policies to encounter prejudices and emphasises high on anti-discriminatory practice. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// The concise oxford English dictionary defines â€Å"values† as â€Å"principles or standards of behaviour†. Personal values can very dependent on our social, cultural and religious background. Although being inherent these values can change as we develop and mature and become less dependent on the values that are important to our parents, family and peers. David Howe (1999) advises that â€Å"values are important because they help to guide action† (Study Unit 1, p.18) he also suggests â€Å"values spell debate and trouble† (Study Unit 1, P.18), values can cause conflict and tensions which need to be reflected upon. I come from a large family and lived on a council housing estate where family and neighbours â€Å"looked out† for one another. I have six brothers and one sister and, although we were disciplined, our parents always showed their love for us. Within my immediate and extended family there was a feeling of security in that we all knew we ha d people who cared for us and who would always be there for us no matter what. It was inherent in us to care for each other and I perhaps made the assumption that most families had the same values as ours. I think I considered people who did not have these values to be untrustworthy, unreliable and uncaring and at that time I did not realise that this was a preconceived opinion based on no actual experience. It was not until I started to work in residential childcare that I began to question my prejudices. I realised that not everybody was brought up with the same values as I had been and that my values and beliefs would change and grow through my experiences within my work. I worked with many children and young people from varied cultural, religious, racial and social backgrounds with a wide range of emotional and behavioural difficulties. I saw how little some parents/carers valued their children and how badly they treated them. As parents/carers have such a big influence over a c hilds life this meant that the children themselves had very little self worth or value, with low self- esteem and feelings of social isolation. They found difficulty in forming relationships, having been subjected to various levels of physical, emotional and sexual abuse. Through this experience I achieved a greater sympathy and understanding of how peoples life history can affect their future. People have individual life experiences and because of this their values and beliefs are very often different from our own. The speakers on tape one (K111 Side 1 Band I) state that we should â€Å"reflect on our own prejudices and not skip over them and we should be willing to accept others beliefs†. I have learned through experience that we cannot impose our own personal values and opinions on others; we must constantly re-evaluate our thoughts and actions. Ian Parr PI M5564134 K111 TMA02 Page 2 An experience with one of the young people in the Childrens Residential Unit where I worked illustrates how my values have been called into question and reflected upon. The young person had only had contact with his mother, who was white and had never met his father, who was black. His father had a long troubled history involving drug and alcohol abuse. When he was 9 years old, the young person chose to make contact with his father, against the wishes of his mother and siblings, who were born to a different father. They thought that contact would split the family even further and this put a lot of pressure on the young person. The father at first offered consistency but this was short lived and there were problems with his lack of basic parenting skills. To alleviate these problems it was necessary to build a working relationship with the father to improve the lack of support given to the young person. Whilst dealing with these problems it was important to work in a non-judgmental wa y as there were issues that whilst they may have seemed adequate to some, I did not totally agree with. This taught me that it was important to allow the young people choices, and to respect those choices, and to allow them to take control of their lives. Empowering a young person will give them â€Å"more control over their lives, to have a greater voice in institutions, service and situations which affect them†(Bray Preston-Shoot, 1998:48 cited in set book Adams, Dominelli and Payne, p.38) There were also issues surrounding the fathers race. The mother and the siblings were all white and lived in a white environment and this caused some strain between the children. By using positive encouragement and working in an Anti-Oppressive (seeking fundamental change in power structures and exploitative relationships which maintain inequality and oppression)(Bray Preston-Shoot 1995 cited in Study Unit 1, Part A, p.77), Anti-Racist and Anti-Discriminatory (challenging unfairness or inequity)(Bray Preston-Shoot 1995 cited in Study Unit 1, Part A, p.77) way I managed to alleviate some of the problems. This made me reflect on how important a persons culture is to their identity and I have learned not to discriminate on the grounds of race, religion, culture, language, social status and life-style. In â€Å"identifying and questioning my own values and prejudices†(CCETSW 1996 p.18 Aids to Practice Cards) I am constantly re-evaluating my thoughts and actions through reflection. During my past experience I have also become aware that â€Å"our professional values may sometimes conflict with those of organizations for whom we work† (Aids to Practice Card, Valuing). I took care of two young brothers who, when they were placed in the residential care home where I worked, had serious attachment disorders, behavioural problems and mental health issues. My colleagues and I worked closely with them in conjunction with other relevant agencies, which included Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, in order to enable them to gain trust and establish relationships with us. The children were thriving in our care and had stopped self-harming but, after two years of working with them, the funding local authority decided, because of lack of funding, to remove the boys from their placement and return them to a facility in their hometown. This was done against their wishes and against the advice of the mental health team. Ian Parr PI M5564134 K111 TMA02 Page 3 The childrens right to choice was disregarded. As social workers are challenged to be advocates for those who are unable to advocate for themselves and â€Å"all the social workers efforts should be directed towards removing the obstacles which enable the service user to take control of their own life†(Aids to Practice card Advocacy Empowerment) the decision was contrary to my personal and professional values and a difficult one to accept. This experience made me reflect that there will be times during my practice when my values will conflict with others but difficult decisions will always have to be made. I hope I can learn from past mistakes within the system and continue to practice within my professional code as described in the course reader, â€Å"will respect their clients as individuals and will seek to ensure that their dignity, rights and responsibility shall be safeguarded† (BASW 1986 Set Book Adams, Dominelli, Payne, p.34) Describe your current understanding of professional social work values and how you have arrived at this understanding. Outline those issues which you find problematic and want to work on during your present placement. Professional social work values as listed in the course material (K111 stage 1 p.20) are part of the core competencies. The K111 aids to practice card (valuing) defines these as â€Å"having a clear set of values which actively informs your social work practice, particularly concerning promoting the intrinsic ‘worth or ‘value of another human being†. These are values that need to be inherent within any professional and indeed hopefully within each worker on a professional and a private basis. My own understanding of professional social work values has changed and evolved over time through my own past experiences. I feel that, fundamentally, respect for other people is the most important value as ultimately you should treat people the way that you would wish to be treated yourself â€Å"There is a long tradition in social work that emphasises the importance of ‘respect for people'(Study Unit 1, Part A, P.76). Bisteck, 1961 (as cited in K111 study unit 1 p.76) listed â€Å"seven principles of casework which included acceptance, self-determination, confidentiality, individualisation and a non-judgemental attitude. These are grouped together under the umbrella of ‘respect for persons†. I feel that I have learned to build on my respect for others through past contact with service users, especially in residential care where the majority of children and young people had little or no self-respect. Valuing something means that we know its worth. â€Å"This is essential in social work precisely because many service users are seen as ‘undeserving by society, or as worthless. Indeed, some service users have this view of themselves†(Aids to Practice Card, Valuing). Treating them as individuals, each with their own identity, and not as part of a homogenous group, helped me to understand how important self-identity, self-awareness and self-worth is. Ian Parr PI M5564134 K111 TMA02 Page 4 I have been able to reflect on this and bring it into my practice. Although I did not necessarily agree with or approve of the values and behaviours of the families of some of the young people it was imperative that I was guided by the ‘values of social work (CCETSW 1996 p.18, Aids to Practice Card, The Values of Social Work) and that I communicated a non-judgmental attitude toward them. Acceptance of others and a belief in the worth and dignity of every human being are values that are conveyed through non-judgmental behaviour. To be able to respect another persons privacy and safeguard confidentiality affirms that persons worth and dignity. I presently work with children from areas that are classed as â€Å"disadvantaged†; these areas have a high transient population from all over the country, including the travelling community. This makes for a wide range of cultures, religions, social status, ethnic minorities and to treat people as individuals and â€Å"respect and value uniqueness and diversity†(Aids to Practice Card, The Values of Social Work) is essential when practising in such diverse social settings. The travellers who I have worked with have views which are very different to my own. They believe that girls do not need to be educated at all and that boys only need formal education until the age of ten. Because this goes against my personal values I sometimes find it difficult to promote peoples right to choice in such situations but I do recognise the need to â€Å"work with individuals and families from backgrounds and cultures of which I may have little direct experience in a way which is sensitive to this diversity† (Study Unit 1, Part A p.19). I try to recognise that changes must come from within the service user and that we cannot impose our standards and values on them. However, I am always conscious of the need to be aware of any child protection issues and the need to â€Å"assist people to increase control of and i mprove the quality of their lives, while recognising that control of behaviour will be required at times in order to protect children and adults from harm†(Study Unit 1, Part A, P.20) I am constantly learning about myself and other people and re-examining my own attitudes and prejudices. The K111 Aids to Practice card Valuing, informs us that â€Å"the assumption is that the values which inform training will come to influence practice† and perhaps more importantly, â€Å"having a set of principles to apply to the practice of ‘valuing the existence and contribution of another human being, of respecting them and upholding their rights and responsibilities, is seen as essential to accountable social work†. The values that are central to social care should affect all aspects of my working practice. My current understanding is that the profession of social work centres on the improvement of quality of life for people and the enhancement of human potential for full, productive participation in society. If we let our own personal values be guided by the â€Å"values of social work†(Aids to Practice Cards, The Values of Social Work) then we woul d allow everyone that we come into contact with to try and develop their full potential whilst also giving them the choice of and responsibility over their own actions. Ian Parr PI M5564134 K111 TMA02 Page 5 References: Adams. R, Dominelli. L, Payne.M, 2nd Edition Social Work: Themes, Issues and Critical Debates, Palgrave K111 Social Work Practice Learning, Stage 1, 2002, Aid to Practice Cards, The Open University, Milton Keynes K111 Social Work Practice Learning, Stage 1, 2002, The Open University, Milton Keynes. K111 Social Work Practice Learning, Stage 1, 2002, Tape 1, Bands E-I Pearsall. J, The Concise Oxford English Dictionary (2002), 10th Edition, University Press /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Day 2: Users expectations of social workers The main points that I felt were reiterated during the sessions led by the service users were; an expectation that the partnership with their social worker would possess the positive qualities of any good relationship. The focus was on an open and equal attitude, mutual trust and respect. Empowerment was crucial to the service user as it addresses their feelings of impotence within society; this can be achieved by being informative e.g. sign posting to other agencies for support and empowerment and assisting with direct payments so that service users can make their own decisions regarding their care. I learned that it was the positive qualities of any good relationship that were most appreciated such as a personal and friendly approach; practical offers of practical help i.e. useful phone numbers and keeping to appointment times and agreed timescales and these made the difference between a good working partnership and a poor one. One service user felt that, because she presented as v ery articulate and independent, she had not been offered assistance with filling in forms for direct payments, which highlighted to me that a positive assumption can lead to needs not being met. (193) Day 3: Carers expectations of social workers One of the key things that I learned from the meeting with carers and my own experience within my family was the emotional rollercoaster of the 24hour commitment involved. One of the case studies we looked at during the module highlighted how the focus of support is mainly directed at the service user and the needs of the carer are often overlooked. One point that stood out from one of the lectures was how personality has some influence on what care is appropriate for that person. The example given was a service user whose mental health problems sometimes conflicted with the delivery of care for his physical health problems adding extra stress for the partner and carer. As a family carer myself I identified with how good sign posting from the social worker can assist with the frustrating process of trying to gather knowledge of how and where help can be accessed. I also identified with other carers experiences of the need for the professionals involved with our family members care to respect our family members individuals needs e.g. her religion and her food preferences to maintain dignity. Maintaining good interprofessional relationships was highlighted, to maintain cohesion and continuity of care and to be prepared to advocate on behalf of the carer and service user. (217) Day 4: Cultural competence Cultural, ethnic, linguistic, and economic differences impact on how individuals and groups access and use health, education, and social services. They can also present barriers to working in partnership in health care interventions particularly when practitioners stereotype, misinterpret, make faulty assumptions, or mishandle with insensitivity their encounters with individuals and groups viewed as different in terms of their backgrounds and experiences. Adopting an anti-oppressive approach by admitting and reflecting on personal biases, stereotypes, and prejudices is the starting point of developing cultural competence, the next stage is to be sensitive to cultural norms, attitudes, and beliefs; in fact valuing the diversity of cultural difference. Other important ways in which you may become more culturally competent and avoid potential pitfalls would be in learning verbal and nonverbal cues of other cultures, becoming more comfortable in cross-cultural situations by assessing wha t works and what does not. By assessing how the beliefs and behaviours of the cultural group affect the service user, their interaction with services offered, learning to negotiate between the persons beliefs and practices and the culture of your profession, cultural competence can be achieved. I am valuing the opportunities this course is affording me in developing my cultural awareness by learning from and with people from a variety of different cultural and social backgrounds. (214) Day 5: Social workers use of power and authority My concerns about using professional authority are about finding myself in situations that require careful judgement due to the consequences for both service user and myself because of my own actions or non-actions. I can ensure that I acquire up-to-date knowledge of the values and principles of the British Association of Social Workers Code of Ethics for Social Work and work by them at all times. Other sources of help in verifying that I was not using the powers and authority invested in me appropriately would be talking to line managers, referring to the General Social Care Council codes of practice and referring to the National Occupational Standards for Social Work. Other ways of seeking assistance would be to discuss dilemmas and reflect upon similar case studies weighing up the consequences of certain courses of action. Seeking help from other professionals and agencies may give a fresh perspective, however, it is a case of balancing personal and professional judgement in the c ontext of codes and guidelines of the profession and treading the thin line between safe holding and violation. (178) PART 2 The personal impact of the learning that took place on the topic of cultural competence was that it gave me greater understanding of how everybody differed in their own individual perceptions of their culture, background and religion. This realisation has increased my self-awareness of my own cultural identity and how that has shaped my own values and opinions. I am aware that in society we often group people according to their cultural background, based on appearance or religion, when what real

The Role of Women in The Canterbery Tales :: Canterbury Tales Essays

The Role of Women in The Canterbery Tales Chaucer, in his female pilgrimage thought of women as having an evil-like quality that they always tempt and take from men. They were depicted as untrustworthy, selfish and vain and often like caricatures not like real people at all. Through the faults of both men and women, Chaucer showed what is right and wrong and how one should live. Under the surface, however, lies a jaded look of women in the form that in his writings he seems to crate them as caricatures and show how they cause the downfall of men by sometimes appealing to their desires and other times their fears. Chaucer obviously had very opinionated views of the manners and behaviours of women and expressed it strongly in The Canterbury Tales. In his collection of tales, he portrayed two extremes in his prospect of women. The Wife of Bath represented the extravagant and lusty woman where as the Prioress represented the admirable and devoted followers of church. Chaucer delineated the two characters contrastingl y in their appearances, general manners, education and most evidently in their behaviour towards men. Yet, in the midst of disparities, both tales left its readers with an unsolved enigma. The Wife of Bath represents the "liberal" extreme in regards to female stereotypes of the Middle Ages. Unlike most women being anonymous during the Middle Ages, she has a mind of her own and voices herself. Furthermore, she thinks extremely highly of herself and enjoys showing off her Sunday clothes whenever the opportunity arises. She intimidates men and women alike due to the power she possesses. Because of her obnoxious attitude Chaucer makes her toothless, fat and large. Doubtlessly, she is very ugly, almost to the point of "not-presentable. This to me shows how Chaucer depicts what men don't want. The Prioress, on the other hand, serves as a foil to the Wife of Bath. Chaucer describes her as "tender-hearted" who cannot bear the sight of pain or physical suffering. She will cry at the thought of a dog dying. It could represent that she has a frail soul with low tolerance for pain and suffering. The latter description carries over into the modern stereotypes about wome n as skittish and afraid members of society who need to be cared for. The Role of Women in The Canterbery Tales :: Canterbury Tales Essays The Role of Women in The Canterbery Tales Chaucer, in his female pilgrimage thought of women as having an evil-like quality that they always tempt and take from men. They were depicted as untrustworthy, selfish and vain and often like caricatures not like real people at all. Through the faults of both men and women, Chaucer showed what is right and wrong and how one should live. Under the surface, however, lies a jaded look of women in the form that in his writings he seems to crate them as caricatures and show how they cause the downfall of men by sometimes appealing to their desires and other times their fears. Chaucer obviously had very opinionated views of the manners and behaviours of women and expressed it strongly in The Canterbury Tales. In his collection of tales, he portrayed two extremes in his prospect of women. The Wife of Bath represented the extravagant and lusty woman where as the Prioress represented the admirable and devoted followers of church. Chaucer delineated the two characters contrastingl y in their appearances, general manners, education and most evidently in their behaviour towards men. Yet, in the midst of disparities, both tales left its readers with an unsolved enigma. The Wife of Bath represents the "liberal" extreme in regards to female stereotypes of the Middle Ages. Unlike most women being anonymous during the Middle Ages, she has a mind of her own and voices herself. Furthermore, she thinks extremely highly of herself and enjoys showing off her Sunday clothes whenever the opportunity arises. She intimidates men and women alike due to the power she possesses. Because of her obnoxious attitude Chaucer makes her toothless, fat and large. Doubtlessly, she is very ugly, almost to the point of "not-presentable. This to me shows how Chaucer depicts what men don't want. The Prioress, on the other hand, serves as a foil to the Wife of Bath. Chaucer describes her as "tender-hearted" who cannot bear the sight of pain or physical suffering. She will cry at the thought of a dog dying. It could represent that she has a frail soul with low tolerance for pain and suffering. The latter description carries over into the modern stereotypes about wome n as skittish and afraid members of society who need to be cared for.

Analysis Of Different Types Of Competition Economics Essay

To travel markets back towards perfect competition, have to hold a really big figure of houses, complete freedom of entry, a homogenous merchandise and perfect cognition of the goods. In the short tally, the supranormal net incomes can be because there is no clip for new houses to prosecute the market. However, the supranormal net incomes will be competed by new houses in the long tally. In the short tally, the demand curve and the supply curve is equal to fringy cost. In the long tally, monetary value is equal to hanker run mean cost. The perfect competition market is a monetary value taker, so the monetary value is non alteration.MonopolyIn monopoly, has merely one house in an industry, restricted or wholly out of use freedom of entry, merely one alone merchandise. Barriers to the entry of new houses is apparent to protect a monopoly from rivals such as economic systems of graduated table, control over supplies of inputs or end products, patents or right of first publication, and t actics to extinguish challengers. Monopoly will acquire maximized monetary values. If the demand curve and cost curve of monopoly are the same of absolutely competitory industry, monopoly will bring forth less and halt at the higher monetary value than absolutely competitory industry to maintain their clients. Potential of rivals is of import such as a house ‘s monetary value and scheme.Monopolistic CompetitionIn monopolistic competition, has a rather big figure of houses, unrestricted freedom of entry, has different sort of merchandises. In the short tally, the houses can gain supranormal net incomes because clients still want to purchase the merchandises even though the monetary value goes up. However, in the long tally, the demand curve will touch the long-term norm cost curve ; it means the monetary value goes up so clients do non desire to purchase the merchandises because their wages still the same degree. Therefore, the houses will non acquire more net incomes. Many hou ses under monopolistic competition can prosecute in non-price competition such as merchandise development and advertisement to keep an advantage over their challengers. Monopolistically competitory houses may hold higher costs than absolutely competitory houses, but clients can acquire different sort of merchandises. Monopolistically competitory houses possibly have fewer economic systems than monopolies and have less research and development, but they can maintain monetary values lower than under monopoly.OligopolyIn oligopoly, has few figure of houses, restricted freedom of entry, has apathetic merchandises or merchandise distinction. Besides the houses under monopolistic competition, there are assorted barriers to the entry but similar to under monopoly.Chapter fourMarket StructuresTable Of ContentssIntroduction†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . p. 1Theory†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . pp. 2 – 3Part I – Perfect Competition†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . pp. 4 – 7Part II – Monopoly†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . pp. 8 – 10Part III – Monopolistic Competition†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . pp. 11 – 13Part IV – Oligopoly†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . pp. 14 – 15Decision†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . p. 16Mentions†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . p. 17IntroductionPresents, the market construction of the concern are plentiful and assorted. Classifying markets require each company or house have to understand item clearly to be after the right manner to make concern. As a consequence, market construction has four sorts: Perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly. It can be said, in any states which besides happen to positive and negative of each type. Therefore, chapter Four of Necessities of Economics is traveling to explicate four types of market construction. Besides, the competitions are between companies together is based on what sort of concern and the strength they have from each specific instance. This chapter besides give information about advantage and disadvantage of market construction because some sorts can acquire much net income merely and some sorts have to vie. In peculiar, each house will hold assorted schemes because they will hold assorted challengers and competitions.TheoryThe manner purchasers and providers interacts each other in the industry to make up one's mind the monetary value and the measure is defined as market construction. There are 4 market constructions that have been used in the economic universe: Perfect competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic competition ( Imperfect competition ) and Oligopoly. Perfect competition is the free-entry market in which there are limitless purchasers and Sellerss called monetary value taker. They have no power to command the monetary value of the merchandises which merely based on demand and supply in the market. There is a market that has merely individual marketer. It is stated as Monopoly market where the monetary value is set by one marketer. Example: EVN, Petrolimex†¦ Monopolistic competition or Imperfect competition is similar to hone competition, which has a batch of Sellerss bring forthing a differentiated merchandise. Each can put its ain monetary value and measure ; nevertheless, they are excessively little to act upon the whole market monetary value and measure. Oligopoly is the market which has a little figure of Sellerss in the industry. At least one determination about the monetary value or the measure of one house can count to the others. Finally, when different purchasers buy the merchandise by different monetary value, that statement is defined as monetary value favoritism. In international trading, sometime it can do a dumping[ 1 ].CASE STUDYChapter 4Market STRUTURESPart IPERFECT COMPETITIONThe economic system, in general, is all about competition. Competition is good because it makes clients to be a male monarch who can make up one's mind what productions they will utilize and how quality is that. However, true aims of houses are n't to do the clients to be a male monarch. What they try to make is maximise their net incomes. But in ‘perfect competition market ‘ , the fact is, houses can do supranormal net incomes in the short-term but in the long tally they wo n't do any net incomes. They merely have adequate to remain in concern. Perfect competition is a market construction where all houses produce the same merchandise and noA producerA orA consumerA has the rightA or ability toA controlA theA market, A asA affect the monetary value. Perfect Competition is merely a theory that does n't be in the existent universe because of so many conditions have to be met. However, there are markets that come near to perfect competition market if it has four following conditions. First, there are so many houses or manufacturers that participate in the market and none of them have a right to alter the market monetary value. For case, the market for rice in Vietnam is so broad. Regardless of one husbandman has produced 100 more kgs of rice, the rice market monetary value is still maintained the same. This status of each house being so little that they are undistinguished comparative to the market is what makes the MR curve horizontal or absolutely elastic.[ 2 ] Fringy Revenue curve[ 3 ] One house can bring forth a noticeable sum of end product but it is nil compared to the market. As a consequence, the extra end product the house produces can be sold at the same monetary value as smaller measures of end product. Second, it has to be the market where all houses are selling an indistinguishable merchandise produced in the same manner. When all houses produce an indistinguishable merchandise, they are called homogenous merchandises.[ 4 ]The premise about homogenous merchandises means that all houses will sell their merchandises at the same monetary value. If all the merchandises from different houses are indistinguishable, clients will choose houses by taking the lowest monetary value. Any house that set their monetary value higher than others will lose all its clients. Third, there is no limitation to come in or go out the market means that new houses can easy acquire into the industry every bit good as the older houses can acquire out. In long-term, this is really of import. New houses when they try to come in the industry, there is no other manner to vie with other houses beside of lower their monetary value to pull clients. The existing houses must follow the new lower monetary value in order non to lose clients and after that, supranormal net incomes are no more. That is the ground why in long tally, houses merely make adequate net incomes to remain in the concern. Finally, 4th conditions, is that all houses are to the full cognizant of monetary values, the manner of lower cost of production and market chances and clients know all about the monetary value, the quality of the merchandise at all times.[ 5 ]The economic expert called it by perfect cognition or perfect information. Although Perfect Competition does n't be in any existent economic systems, it is an ideal economic that make the economic become better and more expeditiously. In other words,

Till Death Do Us Part essays

Till Death Do Us Part essays Today, many people believe marriage is almost like dating. Some men and women meet, and before they get to know one another they make the choice to be wed. That is why divorce rate is higher than it has been in history. Divorce is now a popular solution to problems that many American couples have. Most of these problems could easily be avoided if both individuals would communicate with each other. Communication is used to help let opinions about certain subjects be known. Counseling is the best way to get feelings about topics that are of concern out in the open. Counseling does not only help marriages; it also helps people to relieve stress from ordinary and not-so-ordinary life. Many people have counselors, or psychologists, to help them resolve issues about themselves and others. Psychology is not used only for speaking about certain problems someone may have. Sometimes talking about dilemmas will not make them disappear; psychologists, like doctors, can prescribe medication that correct chemical imbalances which might be altering specific emotions. Many times, medication is the only solution to problems that would otherwise become untreated. Another solution to certain difficulties is time. Time has a way of resolving many issues that are of great deal at one time; later these big deals, will not seem so gigantic after all. If couples would wait their disagreements out and listen to each other, many marriages would be life-long relationships, not short-lived flings. ...

Elderly Abuse In Nursing Homes In Pakistan Social Work Essays

Elderly Abuse In Nursing Homes In Pakistan Social Work Essays Elderly Abuse In Nursing Homes In Pakistan Social Work Essay Elderly Abuse In Nursing Homes In Pakistan Social Work Essay Ageing is the cosmopolitan phenomenon encountered by every human single across the life span. All human existences expect for a healthy and happy old age but non many of them pull off to acquire all those in world. In this current century, universe scenario is altering quickly in the signifier of rise in aged population than earlier. Many developing states including Pakistan are affected by this planetary alteration. A study on planetary wellness and ripening shared recent statistics that in 2010, an estimated 524 million were aged 65 old ages or older doing 8 % of universe population. It is interesting to observe that by 2050 this figure is expected to treble to about 1.5 billion meaning 16 % of universe s population ( WHO Report, 2011 ) . Ironically, in developing states, geriatric population between 2010 and 2050 is expected to increase more than 250 per centum as compared to developed states. Ali and Kaini ( 2003 ) add that this tendency in ageing is the consequence of the demogr aphic displacement in birthrate rates in combination with mortality rates ensuing in ripening of the population ( p. 1 ) . Having a glimpse at our national scenario, it is estimated that the proportion of population 60 old ages and above in Pakistan will increase from 5.8 per centum in the twelvemonth 2000 to 7.3 per centum in 2025 and 12.4 per centum in 2050 ( United Nations, 2002 ) . Reason for the choice of this subject I came up with my thesis subject as every twelvemonth peculiarly on festivals such as Eid, different media channels broadcast plans where positions of aged who are shacking in their shelter places are taken. The oculus catching minute was the hurting and call these ageing parents expressed, when their kids neglected and dumped them in shelter places, when they most need support in their last old ages of life. This event influenced me to work for my thesis in the field of gerontologies. Therefore, in the visible radiation of the important planetary and national figures, the awaited demographic tendency will ensue in more aging population. Increase in ageing will predispose the seniors to endure in chronic unwellnesss, disablements and new disease forms. Another, considerable turning fact is that, due to the displacement of social paradigm, aged population will be the most vulnerable group necessitating wellness attending presently and in the old ages in front. Therefore, it is recomme nded that older grownups should stay socially active in their ulterior old ages ( Bergstrom, Holmes A ; Pecchioni, 2000 ) . The findings from the proposed research part in this country peculiarly in Pakistani context will help in make fulling the spread where aged population can renew themselves without being isolated from societal life, and can populate with quality, self-respect and free of force in their empty nest yearss. Significance of the job Many decennaries ago the construct of force against adult females and kids was objected throughout the universe but researches in these countries have resulted in the protection and formation of Torahs for these groups. Likewise, aged maltreatment is yet another novel and critical public wellness and societal issue that need prompt attending. Infact, it is one of the most serious topic which is under reported nationally and internationally ensuing in 1000s of soundless victims. Numerous surveies are being conducted in the developed states on the assorted facets of the ageing population in order to guarantee optimal quality in the ulterior stage of life clip. However, many of the South Asiatic states including Pakistan are confronting serious challenges of reduced economic system, low nest eggs, high rising prices rates ; fiscal benefits for few per centums of authorities employees, deficiency of wellness insurance coverage are doing the life of this vulnerable group questionable. Apa rt from these brushs, aged population are facing with the diminution of extended household system and the outgrowth of atomic households ( Jalal A ; Younis, 2012 ) . In Asiatic civilizations, many of socio cultural patterns are grounded on construct of extended household system. Old members of the household are taken attention by the immature coevals and it is regarded dishonourable if any senior lives entirely or in nursing place. In add-on to it, this passage has led to the diminution in older determination doing power and place and to bask subsequently old ages with self-respect and dignity. Due to this transition the aged are at hazard, as the younger and more productive members of the household take over, marginalising the aged into places of dependance both societal and economic ( Subzwari A ; Azhar, 2010, p. 2 ) . Another of import alteration that has taken topographic point in the last twosome of old ages is that younger persons are migrating for better employment chances go forthing behind parents with no 1 to care for them, doing aged to populate entirely or they are shifted to shelter places. Sabzwari and Azhar ( 2010 ) supports that one in five patients at the third attention infirmary in Karachi are aged. It is estimated that at least 6-7 % of aged sing geriatric clinics at the Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi are populating entirely with small aid ( p. 2 ) . Addition in life anticipation has led to significant addition in aging population globally and it is predicted that the universe s aged population will go on to increase with an estimated rate at 67 % residing in developing states by the twelvemonth 2020 ( Karunakara A ; Stevenson, 2012, Aging population subdivision, parity. 1 ) . In Pakistani context, 60 old ages is designated as the age of aged. Jalal and Younis ( 2012 ) portions WHO report that: 5.6 % of Pakistan s population was over 60 old ages of age, with a chance of duplicating to 11 % by the twelvemonth 2025. Pakistan s life anticipation was increased from 45.6 old ages in 1950 to 66.8 old ages in 2008 with a chance of increasing to 72 old ages by 2023 ( p. 2 ) . Hence, the diminution of popular extended household system and rise of calling oriented households, and alteration in familial values compounded by significant addition in ageing, topics older population to maltreatment and this country requires immediate consideration. Jamuna ( 2003 ) rationalizes that a series of developments, such as urbanisation, industrialisation, and migration, and a turning sense of philistinism and individualistic orientations have threatened the civilization of past ( p.129 ) . One important cause for low rate of maltreatment in Asiatic civilizations is conformity to the value of regard for their seniors whereas western civilizations sideline them but dismaying mark is that this malignant neoplastic disease is bit by bit turning in our civilization. Research inquiry Older people are left with infinite jobs in their ulterior stage of life where these old ages are believed to populate in regard, sedateness and dignity with their married kids and grandchildren. On the contrary, this age group has to pass their lives in isolation at place or in shelter places due to neglect and barbarous intervention by them. Although, these old places are answer to most in demand yet they still non supply a solution to bulk of the population. Our civilization despite its gradual transmutation still adheres to the value of caring for their aged at place ( Subzwari A ; Azhar, 2010 ) . Elder maltreatment is the dismaying public wellness issue nowadays in both developed and developing states. Very small information is available sing the extent of ill-treatment in aged particularly in developing states, it is estimated that 4-6 % of aged people have experienced some signifier of ill-treatment at place. ( WHO fact sheet, 2011 ) . However, older people are frequently afr aid to describe instances of ill-treatment to household, friends, or to the governments. There is no dependable informations or research conducted in Pakistani context, where agonies of these aged populations populating in nursing places could be researched and addressed. Dildar, Saeed and Sharjeela ( 2012 ) references that elder maltreatment and disregard are hard to quantify as these occur in the privateness of the place, establishments and under reported in our state ( p. 662 ) . Based on the above facts and literature I came up with the research inquiry that, what are the experience and the perceptual experience of aged people populating in nursing place in Karachi, Pakistan? Literature hunt scheme Literature hunt was conducted in a systematic manner by using available electronic databases, in order to reexamine and research existing literature related to maltreatment of aged population in nursing place. In order to observe relevant literature, two major databases, CINHAL plus with full text and PUBMED was used. Another hunt engine like Google bookman was besides searched to happen the relevant literature beginnings. These databases were searched for the clip period between the twelvemonth 2000 and 2012. Different cardinal words or combination of cardinal words along with the usage of Boolean operators were used for all hunt engines, like senior maltreatment and nursing places, elder ill-treatment and nursing places. A equivalent word for senior maltreatment like geriatric maltreatment and for nursing place like shelter place was typed on the hunt saloon. Relevant articles were hunted when the key words were written in research rubric, abstract of reappraisal articles of all in formations bases. A separate hunt was carried out for placing the available literature in Pakistan for this intent the term Pakistan was added along with other cardinal words to seek relevant Pakistani beginnings. Mention lists of retrieved articles from these databases were besides checked for relevant literature. Search from all informations bases were narrowed down by the usage hunt filters like twelvemonth scope, gender, age and linguistic communication. For item literature hunt and figure of hits ( See appendix A ) . Literature reappraisal analysis on aged maltreatment in nursing places Definition The topic of senior maltreatment began to have acknowledgment since 1970, and the first roar on senior maltreatment appeared in UK medical diaries in 1975 as granny banging . It was identified by British Gerontologist and the first population based survey was done in USA in 1988. International Network for the Prevention of Elder Abuse ( INPEA ) defines older maltreatment is a individual or repeated act or deficiency of appropriate action, happening within any relationship where there is an outlook of trust which causes injury or hurt to an older individual ( INPEA, 2002, p. 3 ) . Age bracket for aged is 60 old ages and above. Some anticipations indicate that one million people turn 60 every month and 80 % of these are from the developing universe ( WHO/INPEA, 2002 ) . All the susceptible victims of maltreatment who are 65 old ages or more and enduring from mental upset, chronic disease, and disablement mostly depend on the funded establishments or NGO s but if there is fiscal restraint so these vulnerable groups have to restrict them to place. ( srilanka 2009 ) . There is considerable argument on the definition of senior maltreatment because some civilizations foster certain behaviours that may be considered as maltreatment in different cultural context. In Australia, senior refers to older local people who have specific places of power within native communities. It was recommended that elder maltreatment be replaced with senior maltreatment in an Australian context as it referred to original and senior population ( Ryan, 2009 ) . It can be argued that maltreatment occurs within a relationship where there is an outlook of trust, no affair different civilizations gives different definitions on senior maltreatment. However McFerran ( 2009 ) , asserts that research on domestic force in aged adult females asserts that, it is based on unequal power dealingss and traditional devaluation of adult females, non on relationships based on trust ( as cited in Ryan, 2009, Definition of senior maltreatment, parity. 3 ) . Therefore, irrespective of the type of maltreatment, it will decidedly ensue in pointless wretchednesss, strivings and sorrows, and lessening quality of life of aged. Types of senior maltreatment Elder maltreatment is categorized into five different types: physical maltreatment, psychological /emotional maltreatment, financial/material maltreatment, sexual maltreatment and disregard ( WHO/INPEA, 2002 ) . Most recent informations from USA provinces that, there are about 570,000 instances of senior maltreatment reported each twelvemonth, 55 % of the instances suffer from disregard which is the most common signifier of senior ill-treatment ( Facts on senior maltreatment, 2012 ) . Economic maltreatment is one of the most often reported signifiers of maltreatment, followed by disregard, psychological or emotional and eventually physical maltreatment. Sexual maltreatment of seniors is non reported every bit often as any other type of maltreatment ( Ryan, 2009 ) . Another dimension of senior ill-treatment is that it is non restricted to place environment, hazard is even go forthing them in nursing places, infirmaries and long term attention installations. An empirical survey in New Zealand reveals that psychological maltreatment ( 59 % ) is followed by material/financial ( 42 % ) and physical maltreatment ( 12 % ) were most often identified types of maltreatment. Sexual maltreatment occurred in 2 % of reported instances ( Gadit, 2009 ) . Canada is one of the universe s extremely civilised states studies that 22 % of Canadians think a senior they know personally might be sing some signifier of maltreatment, 90 % feel that the maltreatment experienced by an older individual frequently gets worse over clip ( Govt of Canada,2008, speedy facts on senior maltreatment in Canada ) . Deductions of the proposed research in nursing It is a ambitious undertaking for all wellness attention suppliers to expeditiously measure the aged group so that maltreatment can be identified and reported for the immediate intercessions. Proposed research on this topic will do people cognizant, that elder maltreatment will forestall older members from being favourable and positive members of the society. Furthermore, grounds based cognition on this affair will help in safeguarding and advancing public assistance of the aged clients. Harmonizing to Lachs and Pillemer ( 1995 ) guidelines from the American Medical Association suggest that all older grownups be asked by their doctors about household force, even in the absence of symptoms potentially attributable to mistreat or pretermit ( p. 438 ) . A careful history pickings and interviewing technique is important in placing accurate information on the possible maltreatment. If the force on senior is confirmed so precedence is to guarantee safety of the aged individual by dividin g from the culprit. In the western states, based on their cultural background, bulk of the old age population resides in shelter places. In Karachi, nursing places are managed by private NGO s or spiritual organisations. The Catholic Church runs three old people places in Karachi, and people shacking in these old places pay a minimum fees, and remainder are generated through the church ( Subzwari A ; Azhar, 2010 ) . Some nursing places are governed by spiritual communities working wihh the aid of voluntary and contribution support. Gadit ( 2009 ) identifies that Edhi Foundation is one glowering illustration of a service where abandoned aged people are housed. These aged people are shunned off by their kids under different stalking-horses like poorness, unwellness among aged and general intolerance ( p. 3 ) . Recommendation for the bar of senior maltreatment A national policy for the publicity of better wellness of the aged was designed in 1999, but execution is yet to be seen. This policy integrated preparation of primary attention physicians in gerontologies, handiness of dental attention, domiciliary attention, and a multi-tiered system of wellness attention suppliers for aged including physical healers and societal workers. ( sabeena jaleel 2012 ) . An of import recommendation is the induction of awareness plans among wellness attention professionals on the topic and the preparation of appraisal tools to observe maltreatment. Another, is the workshops for nursing and medical alumnuss should be conducted to observe and pull off elder maltreatment more efficaciously ensuing in prompt intervention steps. Potential research on assorted facets of attention of aged can press in the development of policy at governmental degree for the protection of geriatric population1. At national degree, electronic and print media can play a cardinal function in raising consciousness on this topic. It can move as a medium for the proviso of specially funded and recreational shelter places, free wellness attention installations, and formation of legislative policies ( Marshal, Benton A ; Barzier, 2000. Research Methodology The research attack which would outdo hole on the research inquiry would be qualitative in nature. I would wish to travel for Phenomenological method as it deals with the truth about world built in people s lived experience ( Polit A ; Beck, 2008, p. 227 ) . This attack can be applicable on those constructs which are cardinal to the life happenings of the human being. The nucleus end is to wholly understand individuals lived experience and perceptual experiences that it will bring forth. Inclusion Standards Inclusion standards will affect all aged people with an age of 60 old ages and above in both the genders. Another would be all aged population life in nursing places in Karachi. Exclusion Standards My exclusion standards would be all aged below 60 old ages of age. Decision

Advertisement Mock-Up Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advertisement Mock-Up - Essay Example Her award as the best intern at Martina Company backs up work experience, where she gained all round, multi-level integrated service capabilities. In her role, she aims to target medium level companies and establishments with external sourcing for financial services. With her qualifications, she aims to establish herself as an asset to her company since she is knowledgeable in several fields. These include tax preparation, quarterly taxes, payrolls, financial statements, financial planning, electronic filling of state and federal tax forms, bookkeeping, and accounting. Internal employees for most companies handle these areas, and she would aim to make herself visible as an independent accountant to her clients. Her clients in her internship companies were fulsome in their praise for her services with Crumbs Restaurant praising her strict timetable, and punctual filling of returns. Her work with Riverbed Insurance Company was recognized with their merit award for exemplary employees a s an intern that saw her given added responsibilities. She thrives under deadlines and crash programmes, and should she fulfil your HR criteria she would be a priceless addition to your company. During the design of the advert, some vital factors were considered. It is important to capture the attention of the prospective employer with a headline that is arresting (Marsh & Maria, 2009). Since the advert is competing actively for the employer’s attention, it is important to avoid generic headlines and go for others that are more dynamic. Creating urgency in the headline will make the employer interested in going through your advert. It is also important to keep the tone as engaging and conversational as formally possible. While an advert with proper sentence structure and spelling will be appreciated, it is more important to give the reader increased insight into what kind of person the writer is and what it would be like to meet and converse in person (Marsh & Maria, 2009). W ords that are not necessary in getting across the adverts message could be construed to mean the writer is unimaginative and detached. The advert also needs to be as descriptive as is publicly possible (Marsh & Maria, 2009). While this does not include intimate life details like divorce, it was important to present clear information to enable the prospective reader visualise you. Cliches are a no-go and instead it was important to use vivid adjectives. Dry adverts are not appealing to prospective readers who will have many adverts to go through on top of other duties. It was thus important to infuse the advert with moderate humour. This aids in gaining the readers attention and showing personality. The advert should also especially catch the eye of your prospective reader (Marsh & Maria, 2009). Therefore, before writing this advert, it was important to go through other adverts on the net and get the ones that would compel an answer from the employer. Looking at what the competition is doing gives one the links that could have been missing. During the designing of this advertisement, it was important to sell the client to the market base that she would like to work (Marsh & Maria, 2009). Every potential employee carries his or her value in the market, which can be considered as a Grade point average. Naturally, companies will seek the best employee they can afford. All companies would love a 4/4 GPA employee but not all will possess the same kind of marketing mix. It is possible to make up for the 3.6 by